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Information on the Moffett Building Controversy, December 1995

  • Loyola students protest Freeport McMoRan. Phil Olaya, Tulane Hullabaloo, December 1, 1995.

  • UT System faculty debate regents rule; Council to vote on building name proposal, Daily Texan, December 1, 1995.
    • Alan Cline, a UT professor of computer science and chairman-elect of the advisory council, told system faculty members who attended the meeting that students and faculty members have been "concerned" about the University's relationship with controversial developer Freeport-McMoRan Inc. and its CEO, Jim Bob Moffett. During the meeting, Cline questioned UT System Board of Regents rules regarding the naming of buildings, Freeport's financial ties to the UT Department of Geology and the image of the University's association with Freeport.
    • "Student Government members did adopt a resolution last April in opposition to the building's naming. The Student Government's resolution `condemns the naming of the new molecular biology building.' It also resolves `that the [Student Government] encourage the Board of Regents to rename the [molecular biology] building in a manner that reflects the ideals of the students, faculty, and staff of the University.'"

  • Claims of rights violations `repugnant', Austin American-Statesman, December 2, 1995, p. A1.
    • "`To suggest that our security people would stand in a circle and fire on Irianese is ... (an) atrocity,' Moffett said." (preceding ellipses and parentheses were in the original article)
    • "On Thursday, Sen. John Breaux, D-La, blocked action by the Senate Finance Committee on President Clinton's nominee (Jeffrey Shafer) to the top international job at the Treasury Department. ... Breaux said he could not vote on the nomination until Shafer supplied information on what outside groups had influenced the (OPIC) decision to cancel Freeport's coverage."
    • "`I object to one thing: taking the ACFOA report, the Munninghoff report and the government report and saying they're one report and saying Freeport has committed human-rights violations for profit,' Moffett said."
    • "Emmy Hafild, program coordinator for the Indonesian Forum for the Environment, based in Jakarta, said Freeport bears `moral responsibility' because the chief purpose of the military's presence is to protect the mine."

  • Not about Freeport, H. F. M. Munninghoff, Bishop of Jayapura, letter to the editor, Austin American-Statesman, December 2, 1995, p. 14.
    • "My report is not a report about Freeport and does not contain accusations regarding Freeport."
    • "I knew about the report of ACFOA and I had been alerted by it."

  • Plan requiring faculty input on building names is dropped, Austin American-Statesman, December 2, 1995, p. A12. "The system's Faculty Advisory Council, at the end of a two-day meeting in Austin, rejected by a 3-1 margin a motion to recommend that regents delete the exceptions to the rule. The council almost unanimously, then approved a resolution to `encourage the regents to solicit faculty input.'"

  • Wall Street happy with Freeport mining, Austin American-Statesman, December 2, 1995, p. D1.
    • "`The exploration potential (of the mine on New Guinea) remains the most exciting base- and precious-metal play on Earth, in our opinion,' wrote analyst R. Douglas Moffat of the Robinson-Humphrey Co. in Atlanta."
    • "Freeport moves about 500,000 tons of earth and rock a day at the mine."
    • "Several financial analysts came away from their visit satisfied that the company is complying with good mining practices and has no improper ties to the military. The company does allow the military to use some of its helicopters and other equipment, analysts said."

  • Senator puts appointment of OPIC official to Treasury position on hold, Daily Texan, December 4, 1995. "The controversy surrounding New Orleans-based Freeport-McMoRan Inc. spread to the U.S. Capitol Building last week when a Louisiana senator blocked the appointment of an official who helped revoke the company's political risk insurance policy."

  • Council supports UT faculty's input in building naming, Daily Texan, December 4, 1995. "Stepping back from a tougher resolution, the UT System Faculty Advisory Council approved a resolution Friday to `encourage' the system Board of Regents to solicit faculty input before naming any buildings on UT campuses."

  • Environmentalists question the validity of audits of Freeport's Indonesian operations, Daily Texan, December 5, 1995.

  • OPIC releases cancellation report to senator, Daily Texan, December 5, 1995.

  • Professor to ask for council vote on building name, Daily Texan, December 6, 1995. "Bob Boyer, a professor of philosophy and computer sciences, said he will ask Faculty Council members to move for a vote on the decision to name the building after Jim Bob Moffett, CEO of Freeport-McMoRan Inc., and his wife Louise."

  • Advertisements aimed at healing Freeport image, Daily Texan, December 6, 1995. "Freeport McMoRan Inc. has boosted efforts to improve the New Orleans-based mining and development company's image through increased national advertising, including two full page ads in the national edition of Tuesday's New York Times."

  • Freeport-McMoRan expects to mine more, Austin American-Statesman, December 6, 1995, p. D3.

  • Feld speaks on Freeport, Daily Texan, December 7, 1995.

  • Television. On Thursday, December 7, Steven Feld showed to UT students approximately 40 minutes of television from Australia on the topic of the human rights abuses near the Freeport mine in Irian Jaya (West Papua). There were approximately 6 minutes from a national news broadcast on the occasion of the ACFOA report, approximately 8 minutes from a national news broadcast on the occasion of the Bishop's report, and the remainder was from a program somewhat like 60 Minutes. Feld said that the US broadcast rights to all this footage has been purchased for CBS by a Peabody award winnning New Orleans journalist named Elder, who has recently been in Australia to produce an documentary for American television about this matter. (To see these videos, get in touch with Save Our Springs Legal Defense Fund, P.O. Box 684881, Austin, TX 78768. Phone is 512-477-2320 and fax is 512-477-6410.)

  • Carmel Budiardjo's Acceptance Speech at the Right Livelihood Award Ceremony, in Sweden on 8 December, 1995.

  • Indonesian students worried, Austin American-Statesman, December 8, 1995, p. B1. "A sampling of the students who met with the Austin American-Statesman expressed a range of opinions. Most said they believe Freeport could do more to protect Indonesia's environment and said Freeport bears partial responsibility for the killings of civilians by military groups protecting the large Freeport copper, gold, and silver mine in the remote province of Irian Jaya."

  • UT professor: Hold Cunningham accountable, Austin American-Statesman, December 8, 1995, p. B6. "Some faculty members and students have criticized Cunningham for declining to discuss the issue publicly, a decision Feld described Thursday night as an `ethical outrage.' Feld said Cunningham has refused for four years to meet with him."

  • Freeport and Irian Jaya (West Papua), transcript of an Australian Broadcasting Corporation radio broadcast. Most interesting! Includes interviews with Bishop Munninghoff, Steven Feld, Paul Murphy (Freeport VP), Emmy Hafild (WALHI), and some indigenous people.

  • Resigning Feld relates Freeport concerns: Freeport defends record in Indonesian province, Daily Texan, December 8, 1995. (This article was reprinted in the Texan on December 11. Due to an editing error, it did not appear in some copies on December 8.)

  • Indonesian rights dispute turns on chilling report, Austin American-Statesman, December 10, 1995, p. A1. A long and thorough report containing many shocking details from Bishop Munninghoff's report.
    • "The facilities in which the reported incidents occurred were not under Freeport's control, company officials say in a statement, noting that the company provides food, transportation, shelter and other logistical support to military personnel upon request."
    • "Munninghoff said in a telephone interview that he is now satisfied that the English language report `is an exact translation from my report in the Indonesian language' except for the executive summary added by human-rights activists."
    • "A statement issued by P. T. Freeport Indonesia Co., an affiliate of Freeport-McMoRan Cooper & Gold, said the Government of Indonesia is responsible for the security of its citizens and vital assets. ... The Indonesian military `had increased its presence in the area (near the Freeport operation) following the November, 1994 shooting by unknown assailants of an Indonesian PT-FI employee who was part of a road maintenance crew,' the statement said."

  • The Facts: Freeport Response Program, videotape produced by Freeport. 29 minutes. Planit Communications, 1615 Poydras St., New Orleans. December 12, 1995. Includes statements by several congressmen and Bishop Munninghof. REB

  • UT president rejects bid to investigate Freeport ties, Austin American-Statesman, December 12, 1995, p. B3. "At a November meeting of the council, no professors raised the issue of Freeport's involvement with the university. On Monday, the question arose repeatedly, and Berdal said later, `I haven't seen any indications that the issue is going away.'"

  • Berdahl to form naming group: But committee cannot change Moffett building, Daily Texan, December 12, 1995.
    • "The president spent much of the rest of the meeting answering faculty questions about the building's name and defending the University's relationship with Freeport..."
    • "Mark Cloos, a professor of geological sciences who attended the meeting, said the documents [distributed by Robert S. Boyer, a subset of this web page] do not reflect what he has seen in his visits to Indonesia. 'There is no question there have been incidents over there,' said Cloos, who has visited the mine site several times through a research grant from Freeport. 'But are [the incidents] of the nature that [Freeport critics] have painted them as?' Cloos added Boyer failed to mention all of the facts behind the incidents at the mine, including how the violence started. 'The Indonesian military became involved after the murder of a Freeport employee,' Cloos said. Cloos said that in his numerous visits to the area he has never seen any 'animosity' between the Indonesian miltary and the native people."
    • "Boyer said he believes that it is time the council voted on the naming of the building."

  • Freeport Speaker at UT, John Cutts, Manager of Freeport McMoRan's Indonesian Development Program in Irian Jaya (West Papua), spoke on short notice Wednesday, Dec. 13th, to a small group at the University of Texas at Austin. John was raised in Irian Jaya (West Papua) and has worked for Freeport for the past four years. He showed beautiful slides, described eloquently some of the problems that arise with native cultures confronting the high-tech world, and diplomatically, if cautiously, answered many difficult questions. It is hoped that he will return to speak to a larger UT forum in the spring. His visit was handled by geology professor Mark Cloos.

  • INDONESIA: US mining giant implicated in Indonesian atrocities. Pratap Chatterjee, IPS, December 12, 1995.

  • In Peru, a Fight for Fresh Air: US-Owned Smelter makes residents ill and angry. Calvin Sims, New York Times, December 12, 1995, p. C1. The story discusses a smelter in Ilo, Peru, which is owned by Phelps-Dedge, Asarco and the Marmon Group. The plant complies with Peruvian law, but would be illegal in the US.
    • "Although some multinational corporations have voluntarily adopted policies that require their overseas operations to comply with the same environmental standards they must follow in the United States, there are currently no agreeemnts between industrialized nations or policing mechanisms to insure compliance, Mr. Bruno noted... The story discusses Royal Dutch/Shell's operations in Nigeria, then discusses Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc."
    • "Environmental groups say that the company, a unit of Freeport-McMoran Inc., which is based in New Orleans, has done little to contain the runoff of toxic wastes that they contend have killed fish in nearby rivers. They also say that local villagers can no longer drink water from the river. The company strongly denies the mine tailings are toxic. In newspaper advertisements that appeared recently, it accused `foreign special interest groups' of conducting a smear campaign against it."

  • National Public Radio had a piece about this issue on December 14, 1995. If anyone can tell me how to link into a .au file for this, please do so. Here's a short note about the program. (Full text at Lexis-Nexis.)
    • "Dr. STEVEN FELD, Anthropologist: The army is there for Freeport's benefit. The militarization of the area is because this mine is considered a vital national asset. Freeport says they provide only logistical and material support for the army. They say their own people are not armed. But they can't hide behind the phrase 'we were not involved' when all of this militarization is for their benefit. ... If the indigenous people raise a flag, they get shot. That's what these shootings are about. They're about the fact that the indigenous people are in Freeport's face and when they get a little bit too much in their face, the military goes overboard."
    • "EMMY HATFIELD, Indonesia Environmental Forum: Before Freeport operations, the local people always fished around the Aqua River on the estuaries. And now, they don't do it anymore. Because they said no big fish is found in that area."

  • Freeport threatens action against critics, Austin American-Statesman, December 14, 1995, p. B1.
    • Freeport McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc. has threatened to take legal action against three University of Texas professors, two environmentalists and two journalists for what the company called
      ``false and damaging'' accusations that it is involved in human-right violations in Indonesia.
    • Besides (Steven) Feld, the company sent letters to Alan Cline, a professor of computer sciences and mathematics; Robert S. Boyer, a professor of computer sciences, mathematics, and philosophy; Lori Udall, Washington director of the International Rivers Network; Bill Bunch, a lawyer for the Save Our Springs Legal Defense Fund in Austin; and Robert Bryce and Daryl Slusher of The Austin Chronicle.

  • Naked City, column, Austin Chronicle, December 15-21, 1995.
    • "By posing as a concerned private citizen, agile radio journalist Jim Ellinger was among the first to break UT Chancellor William Cunningham's deafening silence on Freeport-McMoRan, for which Cunningham serves as a board member. ...Excerpts from the 12-minute conversation in which Cunningham defends Freeport will be printed in the Chronicle next Thursday..."
    • "Freeport also sent letters last week threatening legal action to environmentalists who have spoken against the company and reporters who have written stories unfavorable to Freeport. Chronicle columnist-turned-politician Daryl Slusher and Chronicle contributing editor Robert Bryce got the letter, as did Lori Udall, Washington director of the International Rivers Network and Bill Bunch of the Save Our Springs Legal Defense fund."

  • Cunningham quits Freeport board, Austin American-Statesman, December 15, 1995. "One day after Freeport-McMoRan Inc. threatened to sue three professors at the University of Texas, UT System Chancellor William Cunningham resigned as a member of the company's board of directors."

  • Cunningham resigns from Freeport board; Decision comes after company's threat to sue 3 UT faculty members, Daily Texan, Extra, December 15, 1995, p. 1.

  • Professors hail recent decision, Daily Texan, Extra, December 15, 1995, p. 1.

  • The Front Lines: Freeport-McMoRan Fights Public Opinion with Heavy Artillery, Wall Street Journal, December 15, 1995. "So Freeport's problems continue to grow. Broadcast crews have been waving cameras around the Loyola campus, which is fractured over the university's pending decision on whether to return the endowment. A newsletter called Freeport Watch has sprung up here, dedicated to exposing Freeport's purported involvement in `ecological destruction, human-rights abuses and oppression of indigenous people.'"

  • UT regent chief analyzes decision by Cunningham; Rapoport says perception of conflict of interest led chancellor to resign Freeport board, Austin American-Statesman, December 16, 1995, p. B1.
    • "In an interview on Thursday, Moffett said of the warning letters,
      `We have had to draw a line in the sand. You have to be prepared to take the next step.'"
    • "`The right of people to express themselves, to debate freely an issue, is central to the essence of the university,' UT-Austin, president Robert Berdahl said Friday. `Any efforts to stifle that debate from any quarter is to be opposed.'"
    • "`I think it's going to make it more difficult for us to have a frank and open discussion of this issue,' he (Reuben McDaniel, a professor of management science and information systems and chairman of the Faculty Council) said, adding that he has offered to allow Freeport to distribute its materials through faculty members."
    • "Cline, a professor of computer sciences and mathematics who received the Freeport letter, said, `I would like to see a clear statement from Chancellor Cunningham dealing with the issue of academic freedom.'"

  • Texas Chancellor resigns from 3 Freeport boards, New Orleans Times-Picayune, December 16, 1995, p. C-1.
    • "`Until these people got so outrageous that we have to sue, we had no conflict,' Moffett said."
    • "Moffett said (UT computer sciences professor Alan) Cline had made statements calling Freeport a `disgrace to the campus because of the allegations of human rights violations.' Cline said he made no such statements. Freeport officials said Cline passed out pamphlets with false statements. But Cline said he didn't distribute any pamphlets.
    • "Moffett said, `People don't have the right to walk around calling us murderers.'"
    • "The campus protests contrasted with the barrage of support for Moffett and Freeport from the New Orleans business community and leaders of local universities."

  • NGOs want inquiry about Freeport's role, Kompas (Jakarta newspaper), December 21, 1995. "A group of five Indonesian NGOs has urged the National Commission for Human Rights (Komnas Ham) to carry out an investigation of the copper and gold company Freeport Indonesia which is located in Timika, the district of Fakfak, Irian Jaya. This investigation is needed in connection with the use of Freeport facilities during the human rights abuses when sixteen people were killed several months ago." (Report of this article received from Carmel Budiardjo, tapol@gn.apc.org.)

  • Australian group wants investigation of Freeport, Austin American-Statesman, December 21, 1995, p. A1.
    • "A nongovernmental group in Australia on Wednesday called for an independent investigation of allegations that security personnel for Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc. participated in killings and other human Rights violations in Indonesia. ... The private, nonprofit Australian Council for Overseas Aid said investigations by a Roman Catholic bishop, an Indonesian government panel and the Australian government have not fully examined the allegations, which were made by unidentified alleged eyewitnesses quoted in the report released in April."
    • "Hunt, the Australian council's director, said in a telephone interview from the group's headquarters in Canberra that the council was not satisfied with the scope of the investigations conducted so far. ... `What's still uninvestigated is whether Freeport security were actually involved in shootings.'"
    • "Freeport officials said the Australian council's report is riddled with unfounded allegations and blatant inaccuracies."

  • NCHR won't investigate Freeport, Jakarta Post, 22 December 1995. (Report of this article received from Carmel Budiardjo, tapol@gn.apc.org.)
    • "The National Commission for Human Rights yesterday rejected an appeal by Irian Jaya (West Papua) students to look into allegations that PT Freeport Indonesia played an active role in the killings of civilians in (Timika) earlier this year."
    • "Clementino do Reis Amaral, a member of the commission, who met with the twelve students, said his organisation had neither the capacity nor the authority to follow up its finding on the allegations of human rights violations. 'It is under the authority of the Irian Jaya (West Papua) provincial administration and local police to conduct a follow-up investigation,' Clementino said. 'You have the right to know the result but you have got to go to the local administration and police because we have submitted our report to them.'"

  • Freeport resignation shows boards' dilemmas, Austin American-Statesman, December 24, 1995, p. F1. Contains a discussion by scholars of the general issue of board membership. "Not surprisingly, the academic experts on business who were asked about Cunningham's situation had mixed reactions. They were generally sympathetic to business concerns, stressing a director's duty of loyalty to the company and its shareholders. But they also valued academic freedom and took seriously Freeport-McMoRan's threat to sue the UT professors."

  • Papuans want Freeport investigated, Kompas (Jakarta newspaper), December 23, 1995. (Report of this article received from Carmel Budiardjo, tapol@gn.apc.org.) "Twelve Irian Jayan students and youths held a demonstration outside the office of the National Commission for Human Rights (Komnas Ham) demanding that the Commission should return (to Timika) in order to carry out an investigation into Freeport's involvement in the human rights abuses there. They also said that, frankly speaking, they doubted the independence of the Commission. The group, the Solidarity Forum of Pupils, Students and Youth from Irian Jaya (West Papua), was received by Commission member, Clementino dos Reis Amaral. They read out their statement and held high banners condemning Freeport and questioning the independence of the Commission in its handling of the violations in Timika. Forum coordinator Yafet Kambai said that neither the Commission nor Bishop Munninghoff had categorically stated that Freeport was not involved in the abuses that had occurred in Timika. 'The ones who've said that Freeport was not involved is Freeport itself, by giving its own interpretations of interviews, a report and statement by Bishop Munninghoff, as well as of the findings of the Komnas Ham itself,' said Yafet."

  • 43,000 Dead: Indonesia accused, Courier-Mail (Brisbane), December 23, 1995. (Report of this article received from Carmel Budiardjo, tapol@gn.apc.org.)
    • "Indonesian troops had killed 43,000 Irian Jaya (West Papua) people in operations against independence fighters, the leader of the rebels said from his jungle hideout this month. Kelly Kwalik, leader of the outlawed pro-independence group OPM (Organisasi Papua Merdeka), said most of the people killed in almost 20 years of conflict were innocent villagers unconnected with his movement."
    • "Mr Kwalik, the most hunted man in Irian Jaya (West Papua), had not been interviewed before Sydney-based photo-journalist Ben Bohane met him in his jungle hideout this month. He told Bohane Indonesian forces had tortured and killed six members of his own family in the past year."
    • "Bohane said he had spent several weeks with the OPM in mountainous country. Mr Kwalik had told him he had been betrayed by the (Freeport) mine management a year ago after he had tried to make a gesture of reconciliation, and had now vowed to continue and step up the fight."

  • HUMAN RIGHTS-INDONESIA: Christmas greetings from the gold mine brings memory of luxury travel, torture and death, Pratap Chatterjee, IPS, December 24, 1995. "Tim Wirth, the U.S. Undersecretary of State for global affairs, however, told IPS last week that Freeport has become the de-facto government of Irian Jaya, a situation that this country would like to change. ''The Indonesian government has not done much to establish a government there and Freeport has therefore become in many ways company and government,'' said Wirth. ''Freeport, an American company, cannot be in a position to be asked to be both commerical enterprise and government. That's the sort of colonial position of 100 years ago,'' he added. ''I have talked to our new ambassador -- Stapleton Roy -- (about Freeport) and one of the things he has to do is to work with the Indonesian government so they assume their responsibilities on that island,'' he said."

  • Freeport points to reports -- and so do its detractors, Austin American-Statesman, December 28, 1995, p. A1.
    • "Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc. says investigations by a Roman Catholic bishop and an Indonesian commission show conclusively that the company and its employees did not participate in human rights violations in Indonesia. But human rights and environmental organizations in Australia and Indonesia, citing the same investigations, say Freeport was not examined and therefore was not exonerated of allegations by unidentified purported eyewitnesses that its security personnel shot at and chased civilians and separatist rebels. An analysis of statements by Bishop H. F. M. Munninghoff and the National Human Rights Commission of Indonesia shows how both Freeport and its critics could use the same accounts to support their positions."
    • "He (Munninghoff) was also questioned about the issue in an interview conducted and videotaped by Freeport officials in Irian Jaya (West Papua). Company officials said they edited the video-tape at the request of the bishop's office. The company provided a copy of the edited videotape to the Austin American-Statesman but declined to provide an unedited version. Munninghoff said on the videotape that `in my opinion, Freeport is not at all involved by these violations of human rights.' On the same videotape, another priest, Brother Theo van dan Broek, head of the diocese office, said `... There is no evidence for direct involvement of Freeport. I think that is quite clear. If there is any involvement, it is indirect by facilities used in a number of cases. I think that is still an issue.'"

  • Australia remains interested in Freeport area, Austin American-Statesman, December 28, 1995, p. A10. "On April 5, a nongovernmental group in Australia released a report on killings, torture, and other human rights violations in and around the area of a mine operated in Indonesia by Louisiana based Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc. The next day, the Australian Embassy in Jakarta expressed concern to the Indonesian government. Australian Prime Minister Paul Keating raised the issue when he visited President Suharto in Indonesia on Sept. 17."

  • Timika army trials in late January, Kompas (Jakarta), December 27, 1995. (Report of this article received from Carmel Budiardjo, tapol@gn.apc.org.) "The suspects in the Hoya-Timika case of 'procedural errors' are likely to go on trial at the earliest in late January 1996. This was announced by regional military commander of the VIII/Trikora Military Command, Major-General Dunija D, following the collection of data about the case. ... After the Commission's team visited the area twice and concluded that abuses had taken place, the armed forces commander, General Feisal Tanjung acknowledged that 'procedural errors' had been committed in the Freeport operational area resulting in 16 deaths."

  • The Stone Age War on our doorstep, Sydney Morning Herald, 30 December 1995. This is perhaps the first of a series of articles by journalist Ben Bohane about his recent stay with Irian Jaya guerillas. (Report of this article received from Carmel Budiardjo, tapol@gn.apc.org.)
    • "In Freeport's 2.5 million hectare concession area, which stretches from present operations right across the entire Carstenz mountain range to Ok Tedi in Papua New Guinea, the mountain people see two agendas at work. One is to relocate them out of the mountains so that the range can be mined. The second is by moving them, to deny sanctuary to OPM guerrillas and their sympathisers."
    • "Kwalik (rebel leader), speaking through an interpreter, said: 'We have heard about Amungme people who were forced to move down into the lowlands away from the mine. Within two years nearly one third of them had died from malaria. We mountain people have no resistance to malaria.'"
    • "Early last year Kwalik sat down and wrote a confidential letter to the chief executive of Freeport as a final gesture. In it he asked the mine, perhaps naively, to provide pigs and food for an OPM flag-raising ceremony in Singa village, as several thousand people were expected to attend. There was no response. But on the day of the ceremony, Indonesian troops attacked the gathering. It was clear the letter had been passed on to Indonesian intelligence. ... For Kwalik, Freeport's betrayal of his confidential letter and the subsequent killing of dozens of villagers, including his family, demonstrate that Freeport and the Indonesian military work hand in hand.
    • "Kwalik showed me OPM documents which listed, district by district, 43,000 people he said had been killed by the military since 1977."

  • Students' right to free speech stifled, Melissa Kronenthal and Barbara Taylor, Environmental Forum: A Project of the Tulane Green Club, Vol. 4, No. 3, Dec. 1995. (The Tulane Green Club is one of five Greens organizations in New Orleans, and is increasingly working with the Delta Greens and the Loyola Greens on the Freeport issue.)