Irianese tribe renews calls for probe of Freeport, Reuter European Business Report, March 4, 1996. (Full text at Lexis-Nexis.) - "A tribe living near Indonesia's PT Freeport copper and gold mine renewed calls on Monday for an investigation into the mining giant's alleged involvement in human rights abuses in remote Irian Jaya (West Papua) province."
- "Four representatives of the Amungme tribe from Timika told the official National Commission of Human Rights that Freeport was involved in human rights abuses because they took place on its premises and its facilities were used during the incidents."
- "`The root of the problem is the looting of the rights of the Amungme, Komoro, Dani and Ekari tribes by Freeport since the company entered Irian Jaya (West Papua),' they said in a statement handed over to the commission."
Tribal council urges Rights Commission to reopen Irian murder probe, Agence France Presse, March 4, 1996, full text at Lexis-Nexis. - "Irian's Amungme tribal council Monday urged the National Human Rights Commission (Komnas Ham) to reopen probes on killings and torture in and around the Freeport copper and gold mines in Irian Jaya."
- "`We ask Komnas Ham to do field work again to reinvestigate Freeport's involvement (in the killings and tortures),' Tom Beanal of the Amungme tribal council said during a hearing with members of the commission."
- "The tribal council, in a report presented to Komnas Ham Monday, alleged that `direct reports from our people said that 77 (Irianese) people were killed by security officials between July 1994 - June 1995.'"
- "Emmy Hafild of the environmental non-governmental organization Walhi, who accompanied the tribal council members, said that Freeport and the Amungme people should have direct discussions about the Amungmes' grievances."
Tribal council urges fresh investigation into Irian Jaya (West Papua) killings, BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, Text of report by Radio Australia, March 5, 1996, full text at Lexis-Nexis. - "In Indonesia, a tribal council in the province of Irian Jaya (West Papua) has called for a reopening of an investigation into killings and torture near the big Freeport copper and gold mine. The Amungme council urged the National Human Rights Commission to look into the possible involvement of the Freeport company in the killings. The commission reported last year that Indonesian security forces had been guilty of human rights violations, including 16 killings, but it was vague about the involvement of Freeport Indonesia, a subsidiary of the American company Freeport McMoRan."
- "The tribal council said it had established that 77 people had been killed by security forces between July 1994 and June last year."
UT Graduate Student Assembly unanimoulsy asks that the building be given a new name, UT Graduate Student Assembly, March 6, 1996.
Group says UT should keep name of building, Austin American-Statesman, March 6, 1996, p. B1. - "University of Texas deans and top administrators have weighed in on the controversy swirling around naming a new molecular biology building for someone other than Jim Bob Moffett and his wife Louise. Their advice: Don't do it."
- "The Deans' Council, an advisory body made up of 32 deans and campus administrators, is now on the opposite side of the issue from the Faculty Council, which approved a resolution last month asking the UT Board of Regents to approach the Moffetts about withdrawing their names from the building."
- "`We encourage the chancellor and the Board of Regents not to seek a reversal of its decision on the naming of the molecular biology building,' the deans' Feb. 27 statement says. `The Deans' Council believes it is vital for the university to honor its commitments to donors and to keep its word when recognizing them for gifts.'"
Freeport and freedom, Texas Observer, March 8, 1996, p. 24. "An August bulletin of international news reports compiled by the CIA includes a report giving Freeport some credit for attempting to improve human rights in Irian Jaya (West Papua). But the report also quotes Indonesian Armed Forced [ABRI] General Suwarno Adiwijoyo telling a Jakarta news service that `Freeport has lent ABRI vehicles to pursue GPK [guerillas] members in the jungle ...' ABRI, the general said, 'has interests in the company because ABRI and the company have cooperated in developing the local community ...' Surprisingly, there was an allegation that ABRI had shot at a Freeport bus."
U. S. State Department comments on trouble at Freeport, 1995 Human Rights Report (released on 3/6/96). "Where indigenous people clash with development projects, the developers almost always win. Tensions with indigenous people in Irian Jaya (West Papua), including in the vicinity of the Freeport McMoran mining concession area near Timika, led to a crackdown by government security forces, resulting in the deaths of civilians and other violent human rights abuses. These abuses (see Section 1.b.) were documented by the National Human Rights Commission, the Catholic Church, and NGO's. In its reports on these incidents, the National Human Rights Commission did not indicate that the Freeport company, which operates a large copper and gold mine in the province, was responsible for the human rights abuses in the area. Freeport has denied any involvement in the abuses; some NGO's believe further investigation is warranted."
A fire-breather gets scorched: Two newspapers and a mining giant, Columbia Journalism Review, March/April 1996, Steve Dudley, pp. 10-13. A brief review of the controversy from the point of view of its relationship to journalists. The Columbia Journalism Review is perhaps the foremost journal about journalism, and so we can expect that this controversy will now become more widely known. Unfortunately, this article, while accurate, ignores the roles of the Texas Observer and the Daily Texan in this controversy. Full text at Lexis-Nexis. - "But the media in Austin and New Orleans have turned a skeptical eye on a company they see as trying to oversell its virtue."
- "`Jim Bob Moffett spent more money on ads explaining why he was making the playgrounds than on the playgrounds themselves,' one local reporter says. According to Robinette (Planit), the company bombarded the community with print and television advertising. `We circumvented the [media] industry,' Robinette says,
`and today Freeport is the most highly thought-of company in Louisiana.'" - "Oppel took the opportunity to blast the company, in a December 15 editorial marking what many consider a new era in Statesman coverage. `Corporate leaders today apparently are advised by public relations strategists and Wall Street analysts to strike back furiously, absolutely punishing critics, when drawn into controversy,' he wrote. `The results are not pretty.' Oppel went on to express his support for those who received the threatening letters."
The University of Texas is not the only Austin institution to receive money from Freeport McMoRan's deep pockets, Daily Texan, March 8, 1996, p. A1. Details extensive charitable donations by Freeport. (This article was reprinted in full in the Austin American-Statesman, on March 31, 1996, as an advertisement, on p. B9, together with a short preface. "The Whole Story. It seems that anytime three people get together, hold up a sign and try to advance their political agenda by attacking Freeport-McMoRan, it gets media attention. ... The Daily Texan has taken the time to investigate and report on Freeport's work with community groups.")
Freeport's environmental audit will be made public in April, Media Indonesia, March 8, 1996. (This report courtesy of Carmel Budiardjo, tapol@gn.apc.org.) - "The Komnas HAM (Indonesian Human Right's Commission) secretariat confirmed that they would be sending another fact-finding team to the Timika area to search for more facts regarding the violation of human rights in and around the Freeport area. The decision to send another team to the area was made on 5 March, after meeting with representatives of the Amungme people who had made their way to Jakarta to talk to Komnas HAM about incidents of human rights violations."
- "New facts have emerged from such discussions. Amungme representatives claim that in the 28 years that Freeport has been operating in the area, many more human rights violations have occurred than were outlined in the Bishop's report. Previous Komnas HAM trips to the area focused on the allegations made in the Bishop's report. Previously Komnas HAM had stated that only 16 people had been killed in an incident and that a further four had disappeared after being detained by the authorities."
Abuses against dissidents up in Indonesia: Crackdown against indigenous people in Freeport-McMoRan mining area cited, Ralph K. M. Haurwitz, Austin American Statesman, March 9, 1996, p. A21. Good review of the recently released, annual U. S. State Department report on human rights abuses in Indonesia. "A violent crackdown on indigenous people in the area of a mine operated by Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc. is an example of Indonesia's harsh repression of political dissent, according to a new report by the U. S. State Department."
Riot in Irian Jaya (West Papua) forces closure of copper mine, Radio Australia, March 11, 1996, full text at Lexis-Nexis. Very sketchy reports. Apparently rioting by about 200 people in Tembagapura, very near the Freeport mine, has shut the mine down, at least temporarily. Reuters is also carrying this story. There have been suggestions of violence, vandalism, increased military presence, (and from separate sources, even some unsubstantiated rumors of deaths).
Indonesia riots end, troops called in, UPI, March 12, 1996, full text at Lexis-Nexis. "Early last week, leaders of Irian Jaya (West Papua)'s Amungme tribe complained to the government-sponsored commission on human rights of numerous human rights violations allegedly involving PT Freeport Indonesia. The commission said it would send a fact-finding team to the region to investigate the complaints, which include allegations of killings and torture."
Soldiers sent to Freeport mining town after violence: Weekend rioting injures 15; company shuts down mill, Ralph K. M. Haurwitz, Austin American-Statesman, March 12, 1996, p. A2.
Three thousand villagers attack Tembagapura. The following report comes from Steven Feld, who got it from Carmel Budiardjo, who had read to her over the phone an article from Jayapura's Cendrawasih Pos, the main daily in Irian Jaya (West Papua), March 12.
"The contents of the item in Cendrawasih Pos are roughly as follows:
- "About three thousand people armed with a variety of weapons such as sticks, spears and arrows mounted an attack on Tembagapura, the headquarters of Freeport/RTZ, on Monday, 10 March, attacking shops, company offices and the homes of Freeport officials. They also severely damaged the newly built police station in the town, and laid seige to a company security post."
"The event leading up to this eruption of anger was that a Dani man named Julianus Kogoya was knocked down by a vehicle driven by a Freeport official in Timika last week. He was taken to the company hospital in Tembagapura. When two relatives, Guarimo and Binut (sp?) Kogoya went to the hospital to visit him, they were refused access. This led them to believe that he must have died or been killed. The two men returned to Waa village on 7 March and reported that their kinsman had been killed."
"Two days later, on 9 March, the villagers held a meeting with Freeport officials and presented a series of demands, the details of which are not given by Cendrawasih Pos. The demands were rejected. Infuriated by the company's response, a huge crowd of some three thousand people from several different tribes - Dani, Amungme and Moni - marched on Tembagapura where they attacked many places in the town on 10 March, inflicting a great deal of damage on company property."
Riots near Freeport mine enlarge, March 12, 1996. Various reports from Reuters suggest that the rioting in the Tembagapura area, near the Freeport mine, has also spread to the more populous nearby town of Timika, and include a take-over of the Timika airport, the smashing of cars and buildings (including a laboratory) belonging to Freeport, and the burning of a fuel storage facility. Extel Financial service reports that thousands are rioting and quote a military person as saying the situtation is getting out of control.
Local people in open revolt. Report from Carmel Budiardjo describing chaos near the Freeport mine, March 12, 1996.
Indonesians attack homes, offices of Freeport workers, Ralph K. M. Haurwitz, Austin American-Statesman, March 13, 1996, p. A6. Very thorough coverage from a multitude of sources, including Agence France-Presse, Kyodo News Service, Reuter, Associated Press, Antara, a Freeport spokesman, a community activist, and Tapol. - "In recent months, Freeport-McMoRan has been criticized by human rights activists, environmentalists, academics, and a U. S. government agency for the rapid expansion of its mining operation ... This week, Freeport has come under assault of a more elemental sort. Members of tribes in Irian Jaya (West Papua) ... have stormed the homes of company employees, the shops where they buy goods, the offices where they work and the white Toyotas they drive."
- "In a telephone interview from Jayapura, the provincial capital, Rumbiak (a community activist who has worked closely with the tribes) said that as many as 6,000 people were involved."
- "`This is unusual, indeed,' Greg Probst, a Freeport spokesman said from New Orleans. `I'm sure that when this situation calms down there will be discussions with local groups. We always try to maintain an open relationship with all of the groups in the local area.'"
Riots continue, Agence France Presse, March 13, 1996, full text at Lexis-Nexis. "Hundreds, even thousands" of local residents rioted for the fourth day around the giant US-owned copper-and-gold Freeport mine in Timika, Irian Jaya (West Papua), a military source said.
Riot shuts down world's largest gold mine, Pratap Chatterjee, IPS, March 13, 1996. - "Riots involving several thousand indigenous peoples in Irian Jaya (West Papua), the eastern-most island of Indonesia, have caused the U.S. operators of the world's largest gold mine to temporarily shut down operations."
- "Activists in Irian Jaya (West Papua) who are in contact with the protestors read a statement to IPS over the phone. `We fight against Jim Bob Moffett, (the chief executive officer of Freeport), Freeport and the government. We fight because our rights are not recognised, our resources are extracted and destroyed while our lives are taken,' said the statement."
Moffett in Indonesia to assess riot situation, Ralph K. M. Haurwitz, Austin American-Statesman, March 14, 1996, p. A4. "A spokesman at the company's headquarters in New Orleans initially declined to comment on the whereabouts of the chairman, Jim Bob Moffett. The spokesman, Greg Probst, later confirmed that Moffett was in Indonesia. `We suspect that he will be in Irian Jaya (West Papua),' Probst said."
Freeport boss in Irian Jaya (West Papua) following riots, Agence France Presse, March 14, 1996. Full text at Lexis-Nexis. "Indonesia's National Human Rights Commission is to send a team to Irian Jaya (West Papua) at the request of the Amungme tribal council to reopen investigations into alleged killings and torture in and around the mines."
Strife near the Freeport mine. There have been many wire service reports about the riots near the Freeport mine site, but they have been repetitive and rather scanty. It is unclear whether there was ever a single objective reporter directly observing the rioting, hence much of the information is questionable because of possible filtering by partisans. Given that this was a rather large riot, spread over many miles, towns, and days, hope for a full and coherent picture of the events is somewhat slim. Below is a summary by me, Robert S. Boyer, of many reports. Haurwitz's March 13 Austin American-Statesman piece, noted above, is more comprehensive than any of the many individual wire service reports I have yet read.
- Literally thousands of natives rioted March 10, 11, and 12 (and maybe 13) near the Freeport mine on the island of New Guinea, in three separate towns (Tembagapura, Timika, and the New Town), at various Freeport facilities along the mine road, and at the Timika airport. Estimates have ranged as high as 6,000 rioters. The minimal total estimate seems to have been about 1,000 rioters.
- Rioters included members of the Amungme, Kamoro, Ekari, Dani, and other tribes. Rioters included women and children.
- There was damage to Freeport buildings, equipment, and vehicles, Some report say millions of dollars worth of damage occurred account, but Freeport says it does not believe there will be a significant financial impact from the rioting. The control tower at the Timika airport was damaged. Reports about the airport's re-opening have conflicted.
- There have only been reports of at most fours deaths so far, but dozens of injuries. At least two deaths, to rioters aged 12 and 15, were attributed to automobile accidents to rioters caused by the rioters. But one death, and 15 injuries, were said to have occurred at a clash at a market at Timika. But it appears that this clash was not with the military! Maybe with shop owners? Seven rioters from Banti/Hwa have been arrested for questioning in connection with the riot, and Amnesty International fears for their safety. (Incredibly, Amnesty is very picky about posting their stuff, even verbatim, stuff that it is ok to copy on paper. Complaints to ua@amnesty.org.uk.)
- The military was relatively (perhaps one should say marvelously, but also even perplexingly) restrained, shooting rubber bullets in defense of critical facilities such as the airport, shooting into the air, and shooting at tires of Freeport vehicles controlled by rioters. The legs of several people who attacked the airport were shot. Perhaps as many as 2,800 additional troops are being deployed near the mine, up from the normal contingent of 150, though most estimates suggest that only another 700 have been flown in.
- The rioters demanded to meet with Jim Bob Moffett, who flew to Irian Jaya (West Papua) and held a very dramatic meeting the morning of March 14 at the Sheraton Hotel in Timika with 40 delegates representing 12 tribes of Irian Jaya (West Papua) who live near Timika. For a tasteless spoof of this very serious meeting, see roast.
- The mine/mill was entirely shut down for two and a half days, as a precautionary measure, but has since been reopened. Throughout, ore continued to be loaded at the port of Amammapare, and it seems unlikely that any Freeport shipments will be delayed.
Indonesian activists attack Freeport over riots, March 14, 1996, Reuter. Reports on statement by four Indonesian nongovernmental organization, including Walhi. - "`The riots were caused by the buried anger of the Irianese against Freeport which has been accumulating for years,' said the statement, obtained by Reuters.
"`The anger is caused by dissatisfaction with Freeport's behavior, particularly the human rights abuses which happened in order to protect Freeport's investment or those done by Freeport itself through its security guards,' it said.
"`The anger is also added to by the dissatisfaction with the effects of Freeport's activities and the fact that the profit is mostly enjoyed by the migrants, the statement said. "
Soldiers sent to quell tensions in Irian Jaya (West Papua); Moffett making round, Austin American-Statesman, March 15, 1996. "At the same time, however, a French news service, Agence France Presse, reported that the Indonesian National Human Rights Commission was to send a team to Irian Jaya (West Papua), the province where the mine is located, at the request of the Amungme tribal council, to reopen investigations into alleged killings and torture in and around the mines last year."
Mining starts again; Freeport stock rebounds, Mary Judice, Times-Picayune, March 15, 1966, p. C1, full text at Lexis-Nexis. "The riots occurred less than a week after leaders of the Amungme tribe asked Indonesia's National Human Rights Commission to reopen its investigation into human rights abuses around Freeport's mining operations."
Tribespeople's statement to Moffett: Close it. (Source said to be apsari@violet.berkeley.edu.) Remarks attributed to Yosepha Alomang, the spokesperson for the chiefs of Komoro, Dani, Amungme, Moni, and other tribes: "You and your workers live in luxury on our property. We, who own the rights to the property, which resources you have taken, sleep on rubbish. Therefore, from today, we don't give you the permission for this company, and close it."
Walhi report on the meeting between Jim Bob Moffett and the indigenous people on March 14, 1996. Wahana Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia (Walhi), Indonesian NGO, email, March 15, 1996. It perhaps needs pointing out that Walhi is very much a political organization, one that has been lobbying hard to change things at the Freeport mine, and thus this report is perhaps not something one should treat as though it were in the same category as, say, a report from Reuters. On the other hand, this is the only report about this meeting that I have seen that offered any detail.
Indonesia army to review rioting, Ralph K. M. Haurwitz, Austin American-Statesman, March 16, 1996, p. A19.
Freeport mine town calm, but on edge, Associated Press, Austin American-Statesman, March 17, 1996, p. A12.
Yet more riots in Irian. On Monday, March 18, thousands rioted near Jayapura, the capital city of Irian Jaya (West Papua), extremely far from the Freeport mine, in a protest surrounding the death in a Jakarta prison of Thomas Wanggai, who was sentenced to 20 years in prison in 1988 for raising a flag proclaiming West Papua a separate country from Indonesia. (In Indonesia, one can be shot or jailed for things like raising a separatist flag. Only this month, a journalist was convicted of "insulting the president", genocidal murderer Suharto.) Jayapura has been sealed off by the military. Five people, including one soldier, were reported dead. The riots burned down the market of the town Abepura, about 12 miles from Jayapura. The rioters were said to be mostly students from the University of Cendrawasih in Abepura. Even on Wednesday, the military had clamped down on Jayapura, with most shops and offices closed. 113 were arrested, according to one report. All but 39 were later released. Amnesty International fears for their safety. Entrance to and exit from the city were prohibited for several days as tensions persisted. Sources: Reuters, UPI, and Agence France Presse. (Incredibly, Amnesty is very picky about posting their stuff, even verbatim, stuff that it is ok to copy on paper. Complaints to ua@amnesty.org.uk.)
UT faculty stands up to Jim Bob, Leopoldo Rodriguez, (sub)TEX, February-March, 1996.
A Golden Nightmare. Janine Roberts, March 19, 1996.
Cunningham's 'no' no surprise, Daily Texan, March 19, 1996. "UT System Chancellor William Cunningham formally rejected a Faculty Council resolution to rename the Louise and James R. Moffett Building, Faculty Council Chairman Reuben McDaniel said Monday."
Freeport tiptoes in wake of rioting; Irianese demand greater control, Times-Picayune, March 19, 1996, full text at Lexis-Nexis. (There have been rumors that the riots erupted because of rumors that Freeport personnel had beaten a native. Here is a Freeport denial of that rumor. Of course, any attempt to root the rioting in a single injury to one individual is absurd; the incident, or whatever happened, was merely the match to the gasoline of deep social unrest.) "Five nights later, a Freeport employee accidentally struck a tribal person while driving to a camp for Freeport workers. The driver took the victim, Melinus Kogoya, to a clinic to treat a bleeding head wound, Marsh said. The next day, Kogoya was taken to the company hospital in Tembagapura for X-rays, Marsh said. ... Freeport said it has videotaped a statement from Kogoya about what happened, although the tape wasn't available Monday."
No new name for Moffett building, Austin American-Statesman, March 21, 1996, p. B11. "University of Texas System leaders have officially rejected a request by faculty representatives to seek a different name for the James and Louise Moffett Molecular Biology building. ... Faculty Council Chairman Reuben McDaniel told the (Faculty Council) Monday that Chancellor William Cunningham and UT Board Chairman Bernard Rapoport had declined the council's request to approach Moffett about withdrawing his name."
The University of Texas is not the only Austin institution to receive money from Freeport-McMoRan's deep pockets, Daily Texan, March 8, 1996, p. A1. Details extensive charitable donations by Freeport. (This article was reprinted in full in the Austin American-Statesman, on March 31, 1996, as an advertisement, on p. B9, together with a short preface. "The Whole Story. It seems that anytime three people get together, hold up a sign and try to advance their political agenda by attacking Freeport-McMoRan, it gets media attention. ... The Daily Texan has taken the time to investigate and report on Freeport's work with community groups.")
Freeport spinoff shuts down: for Planit communications, the other shoe has dropped, Times-Picayune, March 31, 1996, p. F1. (Lexis-Nexis). "The public relations company, which former television anchorman Garland Robinette spun off from Freeport-McMoRan Inc. in 1993, closed Friday."